The biopsy and histopathologic evaluation of renal tissue is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool. Renal biopsy should be considered if the diagnosis is in question (e.g., immune complex glomerulonephritis versus amyloidosis in dogs with proteinuria), if treatment may be altered on the basis of results (e.g., confirmation and culture of bacterial pyelonephritis), or if [...]
Clinical signs of acute renal failure (ARF) are often nonspecific and include lethargy, depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration; occasionally uremic breath or oral ulcers may be present. A diagnosis of renal failure is confirmed if azotemia with concurrent isosthenuria or minimally concentrated urine persists.
Prerenal dehydration and azotemia superimposed on an inability to concentrate urine [...]
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