Ultrasonography is used to evaluate pulmonary mass lesions adjacent to the body wall, diaphragm, or heart, and also consolidated lung lobes. Because air interferes with the sound waves, aerated lungs and structures surrounded by aerated lungs cannot be examined. The consistency of lesions often can be determined to be solid, cystic, or fluid filled.
Some solid [...]
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The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses have a complex anatomy and are lined by mucosa. Their rostral portion is inhabited by bacteria in health. Nasal disorders are frequently associated with mucosal edema, inflammation, and secondary bacterial infection. There are often focal and multifocal in distribution. These factors combine to make the accurate diagnosis of nasal [...]
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A sneeze is an explosing release of air from the lungs through the nasal cavity and mouth. It is a protective reflex to expel irritants from the nasal cavity. Intermittent, occasional sneezing is considered normal. Persistent, paroxysmal sneezing should be considered abnormal. Disorders commonly associated with acute-onset, persistent sneezing include nasal foreign body and feline [...]
Nasopharyngeal polyps are benign growths that occur in kittens and young adult cats. Their origin is unknown, but they are often attached to the base of the eustachian tube. They can extend into the external ear canal, middle ear, pharynx, and nasal cavity. Grossly they are pink, polypoid growths, often arising from a stalk. Their [...]
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Nonneoplastic infiltration of the larynx with inflammatory cells can occur in dogs and cats, causing irregular proliferation, hyperemia, and swelling of the larynx. Clinical signs of an upper airway obstruction results. The larynx appears grossly neoplastic during laryngoscopy but is differentiated from neoplasia on the basis of the findings from the histopathologic evaluation of biopsy [...]
Continue reading about Obstructive laryngitis in dogs and cats